Granting women their rights

In 1918 Poland regained independence. The reborn state intended to take a very modern approach. Women gained suffrage, both the right to vote and to stand for election for the parliament. They were also allowed to study at all levels of education. Women’s rights were an important part of the Second Polish Republic’s founding myth.

There were eight women in Poland’s first parliament. More and more women were admitted to universities. Female scientists, who up till now had been pursuing their careers abroad, began to return to Polish universities. They received further academic degrees here. The first post-doctoral degree in the Second Polish Republic was awarded to woman in 1920. It was conferred on Helena Gajewska by the Jagiellonian University. That same year another woman, Ludwika Dobrzyńska-Rybicka, was also awarded a post-doctoral degree. In Poznań the first post-doctoral degree for a woman was conferred on Michalina Stefanowska.

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Returns

Women educated at foreign universities were returning to the Polish soil, and after 1918 to an independent Poland. Why? Because they felt patriotic. This was the way they were raised in their family homes and by various patriotic organisations.

Moreover, women living on Polish soil during the Partitions were now allowed to be politically active. This was supposed to raise the Polish national spirit, especially in the family. Men let women feel as fully-fledged members of the nation. Thus, women wanted to serve Poland with their knowledge, reputation and experience.

 

Photo:

Postcard produced by the Association of Polish Women’s Equality, outset of the 20th century

Photo from the National Library’s collection

W pierwszych wolnych dla kobiet wyborach w 1919 roku startowało dwadzieścia dziewięć kobiet.

Wybranych do Sejmu na kadencję 1919-1922 zostało osiem z nich: Gabriela Balicka, Irena Kosmowska, Maria Moczydłowska, Jadwiga Dziubińska, Zofia Moraczewska oraz po wyborach uzupełniających w Wielkopolsce i na Pomorzu Franciszka Wilczkowiakowa, Zofia Sokolnicka oraz Anna Anastazja Piasecka.

 

Na zdjęciu grupa posłanek w kuluarach Sejmu, rok 1930, fot. ze zb. Narodowego Archiwum Cyfrowego